The COVID-19 pandemic gave us tremendous perspective on how wildly symptoms and outcomes can vary between patients experiencing the same infection. How can two people infected by the same pathogen ...

Cells are defined by the genes they express; protein-coding genes are carefully regulated so that the correct proteins will be active at the right times and places to carry out a cell's functions.

Every time a cell divides to produce two new daughter cells., the genome must be replicated and evenly divided between those new cells. During this process, DNA undergoes many changes in form.