Northwestern Medicine scientists have identified the cellular mechanisms that cause immune cells to differentiate and ultimately lose function during viral infection, findings that could improve ...

Researchers at the Medical University of Vienna have taken a closer look at a previously largely unknown component of the immune system: the protein molecule TRAT1 (T Cell Receptor Associated ...

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses, allergic inflammation and host defence mechanisms. T helper 9 (TH9) cells, a specialised ...

The IGFL2 gene encodes a cytokine found in primates, which are closely related to humans. In the joint tissue of people with rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral helper T (Tph) cells express IGFL2, which ...

Researchers in Korea have reported that butyrate from commensal gut bacteria can enhance T follicular helper cell function, increase immunoglobulin A production and improve protection after ...

Researchers have found a reliable way to grow helper T cells from stem cells, solving a major challenge in immune-based cancer therapy. Helper T cells act as the immune system’s coordinators, helping ...